Chapters1 Websockets
Websockets are built on top of HTTP and HTTPS:
- they reuse the default ports 80 and 443
- they start out as a normal HTTP request
- they reuse cookies
but after the initial request, a websocket turns into a permanent connection between the server and the client.
GET /chat HTTP/1.1
Host: server.example.com
Upgrade: websocket
Connection: Upgrade
Sec-WebSocket-Key: dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ==
Origin: http://example.com
Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: chat, superchat
Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13
HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols
Upgrade: websocket
Connection: Upgrade
Sec-WebSocket-Accept: s3pPLMBiTxaQ9kYGzzhZRbK+xOo=
Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: chat
Both the client and the server can send messages across the websocket at any time. Both the client and the server should be able to handle incoming messages at any time.
2 Warning: Leaving the restful area
Up to now we have been building RESTful APIs and classical web applications that try to be as RESTful as possible. Using websockets you are building a completely different type of distributed system.
See jfriend00(2015) answer on stackoverflow for an in depth comparison.
3 Socket.io
socket.io Library for both server and client side JS code Needs express as a basis
socket.io will automatically host some files needed on the client side under the URL /socket.io/ Do not attempt to change this!
Load in client:
<script src="socket.io/socket.io.js"></script>
4 Overview
const app = require('express')();
const http = require('http').Server(app);
const io = require('socket.io')(http);
const port = process.env.PORT || 5000;
app.use(express.static('public'));
http.listen(port, function(){
console.log("webserver started");
});
io.on(…)
// export app so we can test it
exports = module.exports = app;
5 Client
<ul id="messages"></ul>
<form action="">
<input id="m" autocomplete="off" /><button>Send</button>
</form>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-2.2.3.min.js"></script>
<script src="socket.io/socket.io.js"></script>
Sending messages to the server:
<script>
var socket = io();
$('form').submit(function(){
socket.emit('chat message', $('#m').val());
$('#m').val('');
return false;
});
</script>
Recieving messages from the server:
socket.on('chat message', function(msg){
$('#messages').append($('<li>').text(msg));
});
6 Server
io.on('connection', function(socket){
console.log('a user connected');
socket.on('chat message', function(msg){
console.log(`got message '${msg}', broadcasting to all`);
io.emit('chat message', msg);
});
socket.on('disconnect', function(){
console.log('user disconnected');
});
});
7 Testing the Server
describe("Auction Server",function(){
it('Should echo chat massages back to user', function(done){
var client1 = io.connect(socketURL, options);
client1.on('connect', function(data){
client1.emit('chat message', 'hello world');
client1.on('chat message', function(data){
console.log('got back ' + data);
data.should.equal('hello world');
client1.disconnect();
done();
});
});
});
});